On scientific thinking

Title
  1. On scientific thinking / edited by Ryan D. Tweney, Michael E. Doherty, Clifford R. Mynatt.
Published by
  1. New York : Columbia University Press, 1981.

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Details

Additional authors
  1. Tweney, Ryan D.
  2. Doherty, Michael E., 1935-
  3. Mynatt, Clifford R.
Description
  1. xii, 459 pages; 24 cm
Summary
  1. Presented in nine parts, each prefaced with a critical commentary on the works that follow, this volume discusses the philosophy and methodology of science, including the use of hypotheses, the roles of mathematics and statistics, the origins of scientific ideas and the role of imagery in science. Includes excerpts from the writings of Bacon, Newton, Descartes, Darwin and Einstein.
Subject
  1. Science > Philosophy
  2. Science > Methodology
  3. Philosophy
  4. Science
  5. Philosophy
  6. Science
  7. philosophy
  8. sciences (philosophy)
  9. science (modern discipline)
  10. Science > Methodology
  11. Science > Philosophy
  12. Methode
  13. Naturwissenschaften
  14. Philosophie
  15. Exacte wetenschappen
  16. Psychologie
  17. Methodologie
Contents
  1. Part I. Psychology and the science of science -- 1. The idols of human understanding / Francis Bacon -- 2. On the importance of psychology in the understanding of science / Ernst Mach -- 3. Genetic epistemology and science / Jean Piaget -- 4. Unanswered questions about science / Thomas Kuhn -- 5. The psychology of scientific problem solving / Herbert S. Simon -- Part II. Hypotheses in science -- 6. On the use of hypotheses / Isaac Newton -- 7. The rules of hypothesizing / Isaac Newton -- 8. On the use and misuse of hypotheses / John Locke -- 9. The myth of inductive hypothesis generation / Karl Popper.
  2. Part III. Hypothesis testing : the role of disconfirmation -- 10. Doubt as the starting point of knowledge / René Descartes -- 11. Hypotheses and the "rule of the false" / David Hartley -- 12. Science, pseudo-science, and falsifiability / Karl Popper -- 13. On multiple hypotheses / Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin -- 14. In praise of falsification / John C. Eccles -- 15. In praise of strong inference / Robert Sekuler -- Part IV. Hypothesis testing : the role of confirmation -- 16. The discovery of a general rule / Peter Wason and P.N. Johnson-Laird -- 17. Problem-solving bias in scientists / Michael J. Mahoney and Bobby G. DeMondbreun -- 18. A simulated research environment / Clifford R. Mynatt et al. -- 19. Pseudodiagnosticity / Michael E. Doherty et al. -- 20. Scientists and confirmation bias / Ian I. Mitroff -- 21. The rationalist myth of hypothesis choice / Howard E. Gruber -- Part V. Mathematics in scientific thinking -- 22. The cognitive function of mathematics / René Descartes -- 23. Einstein / Max Wertheimer -- 24. Mathematical induction / L. Rowell Huesmann and Chao-Ming Cheng -- 25. Strategies in mathematical induction / Donald Gerwin and Peter Newsted.
  3. Part VI. Statistics in scientific thinking -- 26. The charms of statistics / Francis Galton -- 27. How psychology differs from physics / Paul E. Meehl -- 28. Experimental and correlational psychology / Lee J. Cronbach -- 29. Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and soft psychology / Paul E. Meehl -- 30. Null hypothesis testing, confirmation bias, and strong inference / Michael E. Doherty et al. -- 31. The law of small numbers / Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman -- Part VII. Scientific creativity (1) : observation and classification -- 32. On the making of taxonomies / Charles Darwin -- 33. The classification of natural objects / John F.W. Herschel -- 34. The basis of induction / Francis Bacon -- 35. Bacon's method and the role of experiments / John F.W. Herschel -- 36. The origin of hypothetico-deductive explanations / Norwood Russell Hanson -- 37. On themata in scientific thought / Gerald Holton -- 38. The choice of facts / Henri Poincaré.
  4. Part VIII. Scientific creativity (2) : experiment and theory -- 39. An algorithm for creativity / Herbert Crovitz -- 40. Chance, choice, and creativity / Howard E. Gruber -- 41. The function of analogies in science / Mary B. Hesse -- 42. Images of wide scope / Howard E. Gruber -- 43. Imagery and inference in physical research / Martin Deutsch -- 44. On thought experiments / Thomas S. Kuhn -- Part IX. Image and reality in science -- 45. Absolutes in science / Max Planck -- 46. "What, precisely, is 'thinking'?" / Gerald Holton -- 47. Visualizability as a criterion for scientific acceptability / Arthur I. Miller -- 48. A testimonial / Albert Einstein.
Owning institution
  1. Princeton University Library
Note
  1. Includes index.
Bibliography (note)
  1. Bibliography: p. [419]-439.